nikhil kalsekar


  Let’s start with the representation of floating point numbers in this article.   ii. Representation of floating point numbers   Floating Point Numbers The term floating point is derived from the fact that there is no fixed number of digits before and after the decimal point. There are also representations in which the number of digits before and after the decimal point is set, called fixed-point representations. Floating Point […]

32 bit Floating point addition using FPGA PART-II


  This article is base on a project executed on the Spartan-3 kit. Let’s get on with what exactly the article will consist of: Arithmetic circuits form an important class of circuits in digital systems. Tremendous progress in the very large scale integration (VLSI) circuit technology has led to simplify, many complex circuits. Algorithms that seemed impossible to implement have now become attractive implementation possibilities for the future. The article […]

32 bit Floating point addition using FPGA (PART-I)



Reptile Species (Snakes)
In Previous Part of this article we have seen the interesting things about reptile species, now in this article we will get more familiar with the classification of snakes.  Classification of Snakes  Snakes are in the sub-order Serpents. They share the order of Squamata with lizards and Amphisbaenas. They are in the class Reptilian which includes turtles, crocodiles (alligators, crocodiles, etc.) and the rare-in-its-own-order. Lizards, though in appearance strikingly very different, […]

Reptile Species (Snakes) – Part II


This article is for the awareness of the reptile species specially snakes. I am going a bit off track by posting this non technical article but it would help in increasing our general knowledge. The first question which arises in our mind is what is reptile? The answer of that question is as What is a reptile? • The species having scales instead of fur or feathers, they don’t have […]

Reptile Species (Snakes) – Part I



This article will give all our readers a basic idea of what exactly is Haptic technology. My aim is to open up possibilities of haptic technologies in the fields of art, design, and education. To attract the interest of potential users of haptics like educators, and students, it’s necessary to provide easy-to-make and easy-to-use haptic devices. as technology is a hot favourite topic in today’s robotic world. Lets start with […]

Haptic Technology


Earlier, we have discussed most of the important considerations and points required for the PCB design in previous article. Now let us have a look at some points which have importance for the layout design like the schematic diagram, artwork, polyester filming and layout printing. These mentioned steps are involved before actual layout design. We will discuss them first and then the PCB design steps. Schematic Diagram:-                A schematic […]

Printed Circuit Board: Part III



Printed Circuit Board
In the previous article of PCB design we got familiar with types of printed circuit boards with the technical requirements. In this article we will explore the important design elements considerations. These design considerations are related to design of a layout. A layout is a process of designing a structure of the PCB with the help software tools.   Important Design Considerations:- The design specifications which a PCB designer should […]

Printed Circuit Board: Part II